Iran is renowned worldwide for its ancient and rich history and culture, housing numerous historical attractions, each a testament to bygone eras. One of these historical landmarks is the Zaman Khan Bridge located in the beautiful province of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari. In this article, join Eligasht as we explore this stunning bridge in more detail.
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Introduction to Zaman Khan Bridge
Zaman Khan Bridge is one of the historical bridges built over the Zayandeh River, the vital artery of the central plateau of Iran. This bridge is situated in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, 27 kilometers north of Shahrekord and 5.2 kilometers (an eight-minute drive) from the city of Saman.
This historical bridge dates back to the Safavid Period and was constructed to facilitate the movement of the Qashqai tribes and nomads, connecting both banks of the river. Surrounded by lush nature, it serves as a perfect spot for visitors interested in historical sites as well as those who enjoy nature tourism.
Introducing the City of Saman
Now that we have discussed Zaman Khan Bridge, it’s worthwhile to talk a bit about the city of Saman, where this bridge is located. This city is so beautiful and captivating that it has earned the title of “The Jewel of Tourism in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari.”
Saman County is known for its abundant orchards, especially almond and walnut gardens, and is also referred to as the “Blossom County” due to this characteristic. It is noteworthy that this area attracts the highest number of tourists in the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province every year.
Among the historical sites in Saman, we can mention the Jame Mosque of Saman, the Zaman Khan Water Mill, the historical texture of the Yaseh Chay village, Hooreh Bridge, the ruins of Hooreh Castle, Hooreh Bathhouse, and the Tomb of Dehqan Samani. Additionally, the Zaman Khan Cultural and Recreational Complex and the former Palace of Farah, which has now been converted into a hotel, are other attractions in this city.
History of Zaman Khan Bridge
Regarding the history of Zaman Khan Bridge, some historians date its existence back to the Sassanid era, suggesting that the bridge was completed in subsequent years. However, there is a section in the book “Knowledge of the Land of Chaharmahal” that indicates this bridge was built during the Safavid period.
According to evidence and historical sources, a person named “Zaman Khan Nafareh Il Begi,” one of the leaders of the Qashqai tribe, ordered the construction of this bridge in 1022 AH so that the Qashqai and Bakhtiari tribes could safely transit their livestock across it.
Before the construction of this bridge, nomads had to cross the Zayandeh River. On one occasion during a river crossing, a child drowned in the waters of the Zayandeh River. The mother brought her child’s body to Zaman Khan, and her plea led to Zaman Khan issuing the order to build Zaman Khan Bridge, requesting all locals to participate in its construction.
About Zaman Khan
Zaman Khan, the founder of Zaman Khan Bridge, was a member of the Il Begi family (the Turkic-speaking Qashqai tribes in Fars Province) and the chief of the “Nafar” tribe. He was recognized as one of the famous commanders of the Safavid kings, and his tribe’s migratory route extended to the Saman area. For this reason, he and his tribe decided to settle in the Il Begi village.
The Nafar tribe was one of the major tribes in Fars Province and held significant political and military positions, particularly during the Safavid era, as well as during the Afsharid, Zand, and early Qajar periods. Today, parts of the Nafar tribe reside in the Marvdasht County of Fars Province, in a neighborhood named Nafar.
Restoration of the Zaman Khan Bridge
It is interesting to know that the Zaman Khan Bridge has been restored three times: first in the year 1202 by the agents of the Safavid government, then around the year 1289 by the chieftains of the Il Begi village, and finally in 1321 by Haj Abdul Hossein Qazvini, the owner of the “Cham Ali” village.
In its last restoration, the bridge was completely renovated, and the construction of stone walls on both sides significantly increased its stability. This bridge is considered one of the important historical sites in Iran, and its name has been registered in the list of national heritage.
The Cultural Heritage of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province currently owns the Zaman Khan Bridge and leases it to the private sector every year. The most important source of income for the local people in this county, after agriculture, is attracting tourists to this historical bridge, which is regarded as one of the most important symbols of the local people of the Saman County.
Understanding the Design of Zaman Khan Bridge
Regarding the design of this bridge, it should be noted that the Zaman Khan Bridge bears many similarities to the bridges of the Sasanian era. This is why some researchers consider it a remnant of bridges similar to the Dez Bridge in the Dezful County and other dams and bridges from that period.
Before the construction of this bridge, many others had been built in this region; however, they did not withstand the water flow well and did not last long. It was not until architects, considering the turbulent Zayandeh River, chose the space between the two bends of the river for building the bridge, which was separated by a narrow rock. Interestingly, during the Safavid era, the Zaman Khan Bridge initially had only one arch, and the western arch was added during the Qajar era.
Architecture of the Zaman Khan Bridge
Today, the Zaman Khan Bridge in Shahr-e Kord features two unequal arched openings with widths of 5 and 5.6 meters, resting on three stone bases. The middle base of the bridge has a curved shape with a 30-degree rotation relative to the water flow, and a small hollow aperture is placed above the bridge to reduce weight and prevent bridge displacement.
Additionally, the body of this bridge is made of brick, and the factors contributing to the strength and stability of the bridge include the use of pointed arches and a mixture of plaster and sarooj (a type of mortar). As mentioned, this bridge is built on a rock, which acts as a base and breakwater to prevent the turbulent waves of the Zayandeh River from damaging the bridge.
The Zaman Khan Bridge is 32 meters long and 4.5 meters wide, situated at a height of 12 meters above the bed of the Zayandeh River. It has served as a transit route for nomads for many years and today represents the rich history and culture of the region.
Water Mill of Pol-e-Zaman Khan
The water mill of Pol-e-Zaman Khan is another attraction located right next to the bridge. This structure dates back to the Qajar era and has been registered as a national monument in Iran.
Additionally, it should be noted that in recent years, a suspension bridge has been built near this bridge, providing tourists with an exciting and interesting experience as they cross it.
What activities can be done at Zaman Khan Bridge?
You might be wondering what activities you can enjoy at Pol-e-Zaman Khan to have a better time. Follow along with Eligasht as we introduce these activities.
Rafting
Rafting is an exciting water sport carried out in groups on rafts in turbulent waters. Rafting boats are large inflatable crafts that can accommodate four to eighteen people. There are three routes for rafting in the Zayandeh River. These include the route from Pol-e-Zaman Khan to Pol-e-Chalvan, the route from Baba Pir Ahmad to the bridge, and the route from Soodjan to the bridge, any of which you can try based on your preference.
Fishing
Another recreational activity you can engage in around Pol-e-Zaman Khan and the Zayandeh River is fishing. Wild trout (pink meat) is one of the fish residing in the Zayandeh River, and if you have fishing gear, you can catch it in this area.
Swimming
Swimming is another enjoyable activity you can do in the Pol-e-Zaman Khan area. However, you must ensure that the river is not turbulent before swimming to avoid any danger.
Picnicking
Since this bridge is located in a very lush area with beautiful nature, one of the main recreational activities for tourists in this area is picnicking with family and friends and enjoying the beautiful scenery.
Photography If you are an art-loving traveler and enthusiastic about photography, you should definitely hold your camera while visiting Pol-e-Zaman Khan and capture the magnificent and scenic views to take home memories of an unforgettable trip.
Familiarization with the Amenities of Zaman Khan Bridge
Zaman Khan Bridge is considered a tourist area. Therefore, there are good amenities in place for visitors. These include accommodations, restrooms, souvenir shops, riverside kiosks, tea houses, parking, cafes, restaurants, seating areas, drinking water, play equipment for children, and green spaces.
Additionally, along the five-kilometer route from Saman county to this bridge, there are many orchards that welcome tourists.
Final words
In this article from Eligasht, we introduced one of the most beautiful historical attractions in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, namely the Pol-e-Zaman Khan. This stunning bridge is believed by researchers to belong to the Safavid era and was constructed to facilitate the passage of nomads and Qashqai tribes along with their livestock over the Zayandeh River. If you are traveling to this province and are interested in visiting historical and lush places, be sure to visit this bridge.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Where is Pol-e Zaman Khan (Zaman Khan Bridge)?
The exact address of Pol-e Zaman Khan is as follows: Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Shahr-e Kord, Saman County, five kilometers north of the city of Saman.
What era does Pol-e Zaman Khan belong to?
According to experts, this bridge is believed to date back to the Safavid period.
What is the best time to visit Pol-e Zaman Khan?
Since the weather in Shahr-e Kord is very cold in autumn and winter, the best time to visit Zaman Khan bridge is during spring and summer.
Is there an entrance fee to visit Zaman Khan Bridge?
No, there is no fee required to visit this bridge.