Zanjan province is one of the prominent provinces of the country in the field of cultural and historical tourism. One of the famous cities of this province is the historical city of Soltanieh. A city full of historical and tourist monuments, such as Soltanieh Dome. Among the most prominent of these historical monuments is the Dashkasan or Dragon temple. In the rest of this article, join Eligasht to visit this mysterious historical monument and its sleeping dragon.
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What does the hero of Chinese legends do in Iran?
Dragon! Maybe this word is intangible and strange for many. Did the dragon really exist? The dragon is a famous Chinese symbol. Is the dragon symbol also used in Iran?
In the Dashkasan temple, which was known as the dragon Temple by the first tourists who visited it, you can see the wonderful combination of Iranian and Mongolian art and architecture. This building is one of the most unique stone shrines in Iran that cannot be seen anywhere else in the country.
This amazing place is located in the heart of Soltanieh mountains and near Vir village, 15 km northeast of Soltanieh city. When you see Dashkasan for the first time, you will think that you have stepped into China. But in fact, this building is one of the prominent works of the Ilkhanid period, which was beautifully carved in the heart of the mountains by prominent artists of that period. One of the most attractive and famous works of this place is the relief of two dragons. Because of these two reliefs, this area is known as the Dragon Temple. In Chinese culture, the dragon is a symbol of power, blessing and happiness. The kings of the past were also very interested in power. Perhaps this is the reason why the order to engrave these motifs in the heart of this ancient site has been issued.
The history of Dragon temple
According to some archaeologists, this building dates back to before Islam. That is, when this place was a place of worship for the followers of Mehr worship. Of course, there are no traces left from that era. But the current building belongs to the Ilkhanian period, which ruled Iran about 700 years ago. After the death of Arghun Shah Mogul, Eljai Khatun, the sister of Sultan Muhammad Khodabande, ordered the construction of this building. But the construction of this building never ends. The reason for this is not clear, but some believe that the order to build this building was given before the Mughal Shah converted to Islam, and after the Ilkhans converted to Islam, the construction of this building was stopped.
The historical monument of Dashkasan consists of several porches and ancient areas, and many relief motifs can be seen in its places. In terms of decorative motifs, the works of this area are considered one of the most valuable examples of rock architecture in the history of Iranian architecture. Inside this area, three relatively deep arches have been carved in the heart of the mountain, which have very beautiful stone arches. Among other decorative motifs of this building are the beautiful niches that are placed next to the dragon motifs. Various slime motifs skillfully carved on stones are among the outstanding works of this ancient site.
Currently, this building has suffered a lot of damage. Large and scattered carved stones can be seen around the building. However, the presence of various Islamic motifs, long porches and especially two dragons, where the traces of Chinese artists can be found and there is no similar example anywhere in the country, has made this place one of the most valuable stone shrines in the country. Be considered.
Shirin and Farhad
There are many legends about this place among the natives of the region. The people of Vir village have named Dashkasan area as Shirin and Farhad. Dash in Azeri language means stone and kasan means to cut. In the legends of ancient Iran, Farhad is known as a stone breaker who had a lot of love for Shirin. Because of this, this place is known as Shirin and Farhad. But the main reason for giving the name Dashkasan to this building is that this place used to be a stone mine and when the workers were busy cutting the stones of the mine, suddenly its beautiful designs are visible from the stones.
Architecture of Dragon Temple
The Dashkasan Temple exemplifies a remarkable fusion of Iranian, Islamic, and Chinese architectural styles. Recognized as one of the most significant examples of rock architecture in Iran, this temple is distinguished by its unique relief motifs featuring two dragons, which are symmetrically positioned facing each other. These motifs captivate those who appreciate distinctive architectural designs, with the dragon figures, commonly associated with Chinese architecture, being particularly prominent.
The principle of longitudinal symmetry has been meticulously applied throughout the temple’s construction, evident in every aspect of its design. The dragon figures measure five meters in length and 1.5 meters in width, accompanied by intricate altar designs adorned with slimy and ivy patterns, which are a testament to the craftsmanship of Chinese artisans.
Within the temple, three niches have been carved into the rock on the west and east sides, showcasing exquisite muqarnas. Additionally, Salimi motifs, which are significant symbols of Iranian culture, are present in these niches. The design and creation of these motifs appear to reflect the social context of Iran during the 8th century.
Dragon Temple comprises multiple porches and ancient areas, with relief motifs visible throughout the structure. These characteristics collectively contribute to the temple’s uniqueness. Furthermore, the complex includes three deep and shallow caves, which likely served as residences or storage spaces for the local populace.
The construction of this temple appears to have employed the most advanced masonry techniques of the time, and the selection of its location among other sites in the area underscores the thoughtful planning behind its establishment. The stonemasons likely incorporated some sculpting techniques into their craft. This temple covers a rectangular area measuring roughly 50 by 100 meters, with part of it formed by excavating into the hillside.
The best time to visit the temple
Zanjan province has a very cold weather in autumn and winter. Therefore, if you plan to travel to this province, the best season to visit is between spring and summer. May is the best month to visit this province.
Access route to Dragon Temple
To reach this building and see its wonders, you must travel to Zanjan province. Go to Soltanieh city and ask local people about Vir village. This village is located in the northeast of Soltanieh. The road to reach the Dashkasan area, from Vir village onwards, is about 5 kilometers long, completely dirt. It’s not bad if you have one of the locals with you as a guide so that you don’t have trouble finding it. There is a small shed next to this area, which is the location of the security guard of this place. If you ask the guard, he will explain this place to you with a sweet Azeri accent.
Final word
Among the most important historical places that show the culture and art of different religions and our predecessors are places of worship. Undoubtedly, one of the most important stone buildings in Iran is the mysterious Dragon temple with two reliefs of dragons, the example of which can be seen only in China and India.
Protecting these valuable buildings and maintaining them for future generations is the least we can do for our future children. It is hoped that due to the high capacity of this complex for the development of the tourism industry in Zanjan province, the necessary facilities will be provided by the relevant authorities.
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FAQ
What is Dashkasan, and why is it called the Dragon Temple?
Dashkasan, or the Dragon Temple, is a historical site located near the town of Zanjan in Iran. The name “Dragon Temple” is derived from the intricate carvings and motifs resembling dragons found throughout the temple’s architecture.
How can one reach Dashkasan, and what are some nearby attractions?
Dashkasan or dragon temple is easily accessible by road, located approximately 66 kilometers from the city of Zanjan. Visitors can rent a car or take a taxi to reach the temple. For those interested in the surrounding area, nearby attractions include the historical city of Zanjan itself, known for its beautiful bazaars and unique handicrafts. Additionally, other significant sites, such as the Soltaniyeh Dome (a UNESCO World Heritage Site) and the Zanjan Carpets Museum, provide travelers with a deeper insight into the region’s history and cultural significance.
Are there any facilities available for visitors at Dashkasan?
The site has basic facilities, including restrooms and areas for resting. However, there may not be extensive amenities, so it’s advisable to bring your own water and snacks for the visit.
Are there accommodations nearby for visitors to dragon temple?
Yes, there are several accommodations available in Zanjan city, including hotels and guesthouses. Staying in Zanjan provides easy access to Dashkasan and other attractions in the region. It is advisable to book in advance, especially during peak tourist seasons.