The Se Gonbad Tomb Tower in Urmia is one of the most remarkable remaining structures from the Seljuk era. This tower, with its unique architecture, is essentially a mausoleum built of stone and brick. The history of the Se Gonbad Tomb Tower dates back 800 years ago to the year 580 AH. Currently, this historical building is located in the city center and is open to the public for visits. If you are interested in historical sites, join Eligasht to learn more about the Se Gonbad Tomb Tower in Urmia.
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Introduction to the Se Gonbad Tomb Tower in Urmia
Let’s first introduce you to the Se Gonbad Tomb Tower in Urmia and then provide you with information about the history and antiquity of this structure. This cylindrical and round tower is made of stone and brick. According to the inscription found at the entrance of this building, its construction year dates back to 580 AH.
This tower is recognized as one of the most valuable structures of the Seljuk era. An interesting fact about this building is the presence of numerous graves in the surrounding area of the tower. According to available evidence, this land was likely considered the courtyard of the Se Gonbad Tower, and distinguished individuals of that era were buried in this place for its sanctity.
In the past, this building was located in the southeast part of the city; however, with the expansion of Urmia, this historic building is now situated in the central and old fabric of the city. To preserve and protect this structure, a surrounding area and boundaries have been constructed around it. Fortunately, this effort protects the tower against potential harm and damages. The Se Gonbad Tomb Tower in Urmia was registered as one of our country’s national heritage sites in 1314 AH.
History of the Se Gonbad Tower in Urmia
The history of this structure dates back to the sixth century AH. According to the inscription at the entrance of this tower, read by Khanikov, a Russian orientalist, geographer, and ethnographer, the tower was built by order of Sheith Qathe al-Muzaffari, one of the Seljuk rulers. Additionally, the construction date of this building at the end of the inscription corresponds to the year 580 AH (Seljuk period).
Some believe that the Se Gonbad Tomb Tower was built on a Sassanid fire temple, but there is no credible evidence to confirm this claim. The tower did not attract much attention until the nineteenth century; however, in 1852, Khanikov introduced it to enthusiasts of historical buildings. It is interesting to note that the Se Gonbad Tomb Tower bears a resemblance to the towers of the Tughrol era in appearance, but evidence indicates that the tower belongs to the sixth century AH. Moreover, there are many similarities between this structure and other mausoleums from the sixth century AH, such as Maragheh.
Architecture of the Se Gonbad Tower in Urmia
The architecture of the Se Gonbad Tomb Tower in Urmia is cylindrical, with a height of 13 meters and a diameter of 5 meters. This structure is essentially a tall stone platform containing a crypt, with a brick building on top that houses a burial chamber. The front part of the tower is designed in a rectangular frame within the cylindrical body.
The tower is two stories high, with light shafts incorporated on the north and south sides. These light shafts connect the upper and lower levels through four channels. The first floor called the “cellar,” is separated from the second floor by an arched cover and can be accessed through a small iron door measuring 1 meter by 70 centimeters. The second floor, known as the “mausoleum,” is built on top of the cellar, and access to it can be achieved using a wooden ladder with a height of 2.5 meters.
In the construction of this building, materials such as stone and brick have been used. In the lower part of this dome up to a height of 3.6 meters, gray cut stones have been used, and from this part upwards, square bricks have been used. Currently, the walls and the main ceiling of the Se Gonbad Tomb Tower are completely intact, and one can observe the decorations at the entrance, which are done with stone and gypsum pieces. These pieces include geometric patterns and inscriptions in Kufic script.
Inside the tower, a square-shaped burial chamber has been designed, and placed within a cylindrical structure. This section features cruciform ornaments in the corners, sharp crescent-shaped arches, and very beautiful carvings. The ceiling of the burial chamber also has a dome-like appearance, with its bricks arranged in a circular fashion around the center. Although the floor of the burial room in the lower dome has collapsed and disappeared, one can still see remnants of the decorative brickwork in its corners and edges. Due to the destruction of the ceiling, the exact size of the lower dome cannot be determined, but based on research, the height of this dome has been 1.5 meters. In general, the Se Gonbad Tomb Tower is known for its tall 9-meter dome, but apart from this feature, the presence of stone decorations, cruciform work, and magnificent carvings have distinguished this building from similar examples.
Reason for Naming the Se Gonbad Tomb Tower
You may find it interesting to know why the Se Gonbad is named as such. Some believe that due to the presence of two other buildings near the village of Chahriq (from the Salmas districts), this structure has become known as the Se Gonbad Tomb Tower. However, based on existing evidence, the name Three Domes refers to the construction style of this building. Inside this tower, two separate domes have been constructed from each other, and on the main dome, there is a smaller dome. For this reason, this structure has become known as the Se Gonbad Tomb Tower.
The best time to visit the tower
Traveling to Urmia to explore the Se Gonbad is possible throughout the entire year. However, it is important to keep in mind that a journey to the northwestern region of Iran may involve experiencing harsh winters accompanied by significant snowfall. Therefore, for those unaccustomed to cold and mountainous climates, the spring and summer months are likely the most suitable times to visit this historical site.
Access to the Tower
Access to the tower is very easy. The tower is located in the southeast of Urmia, on Janbazan Street, and can be easily reached by bus, taxi, or private car. According to old maps of Urmia city, in the past, the Se Gonbad Tomb Tower was close to the defensive wall and the market gate, being only a kilometer away from this wall.
Address: West Azerbaijan Province, Urmia City, Janbazan Street (Ostad Barzegar)
Visiting the Se Gonbad Tower
To visit the Se Gonbad Tomb Tower, an entrance fee must be paid. It is interesting to note that within the premises of this historical structure, there is an attractive museum showcasing historical stones, which is definitely worth seeing.
Final Words
In this article, we introduced the Se Gonbad Tomb Tower in Urmia. As mentioned, this tower was built in the 6th century AH during the Seljuk rule. Today, the Se Gonbad Tomb Tower is considered one of the attractions of Urmia City, and to access it, one must head to Janbazan Street. As efforts continue to preserve and celebrate this iconic monument, it remains a beacon of inspiration for those who seek to understand and appreciate the artistry and innovation of ancient Iran.
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FAQ
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What is the historical significance of the Se Gonbad Tower?
The Se Gonbad Tower is a significant example of Seljuk-era architecture, reflecting the cultural and artistic achievements of the time.
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What materials were used in the construction of the tower?
The tower was constructed using traditional materials such as brick and stucco, showcasing the craftsmanship of Persian artisans.
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How has the Se Gonbad Tomb Tower influenced Persian architecture?
The tower’s innovative design elements have inspired subsequent generations of architects, influencing the development of Persian architectural styles.
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What efforts are being made to preserve the Se Gonbad Tomb Tower?
Preservation and restoration initiatives are underway, with both local and international organizations working to protect the site.
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How can visitors access the Se Gonbad Tower?
The tower is located in Urmia, Iran, and is accessible by road, with guided tours available for visitors.